BACKGROUND: IN THIS WORK, IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (FE3O4) USING CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD SYNTHESIZED AND STABLED WITH OLEIC ACID (OA). THEN THESE COATED MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES USING LAYER-BY-LAYER (LBL) SELF-ASSEMBLY METHOD AND HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE (SDS) AND CETYL TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE (CTAB) TO FORMING WATER SOLUBLE DOUBLE LAYER COATED-SUPER PARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES. AFTER SYNTHESIZING DOUBLE LAYER COATED-MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES, LOADING OF ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE USING ELECTROPHORESE METHOD HAS BEEN STUDIED.METHODS: SYNTHESIZING OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES (MNPS): FIRST, FE (III) AND FE (II) SALTS, IN THE MOLAR RATIO 2FE (III):1FE (II), WAS DISSOLVED IN ACIDIC SOLUTION. THEN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION WAS ADDED DROP WISE TO THE IRON IONS SOLUTION UNDER VIGOROUS STIRRING TILL THE PH RAISED TO ~11 AT WHICH A BLACK SUSPENSION WAS FORMED[1]. SUSPENSION SOLUTION WAS THEN HEATED TO ~70OC FOR 10MIN. AFTER HEATING PROCESS, 3ML OA WAS ADDED TO SOLUTION TO FORM A WAXY PRECIPITATE. THE BLACK MAGNETITE NPS PRECIPITATES WASHED IMMEDIATELY WITH EXCESS OF ETHANOL FOR THREE TIMES BY MAGNETIC SEPARATION. THE FINAL PRECIPITATES WAS REDISPERSED IN N-HEXANE. FUNCTIONALIZING OA COATED-MNPS WITH SDS AND CTAB: FOR FUNCTIONALIZING AND FORMING DOUBLE LAYER COATED MNPS (DLC-MNPS), DISPERSED OA COATED-MNPS IN N-HEXANE WITH 10% CTAB OR SDS SOLUTION WAS MIXED AND STIRRED FOR 24 HRS. OBTAINED WATER SOLUBLE DLC-MNPS CENTRIFUGED AND WASHED FOR THREE TIMES AND DISPERSED IN WATER FOR NEXT STEPS. GENE LOADING: IN ORDER TO TESTING GENE LOADING, ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE AS GENE AND ELECTROPHORESE METHOD WAS USED.RESULTS: DESIGNED NANO CARRIERS SHOWED GOOD POTENTIAL FOR LOADING THESE GENES (ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE). CONCLUSION: WATER SOLUBLE DOUBLE LAYER COATED-SPIONS WITH UNIQUE MAGNETIC AND NONINVASIVE PROPERTIES, CAN BE USED FOR GENE DELIVERY, IN ADDITION, BY USING HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS, DUE TO HYDROPHOBIC ZONE AROUND OF PARTICLE, CAN BE USED FOR CARRY AND DELIVERY OF HYDROPHOBIC DRUGS SUCH AS DOXORUBICIN.

ION-EXCHANGE POLYMER MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) IS AS POWER SOURCE THAT FED BY HYDROGEN GAS AND PRODUCE WATER. ELECTROCHEMICAL OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION (ORR) IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REACTIONS IN THE FUEL CELL ENERGY CONVERSION. ORR IN ACIDIC CONDITION IS FOUR ELECTRON REACTION OF OXYGEN TO WATER. OXYGEN IS A POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENT AND IS ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXTRACTION OF ENERGY FROM THE FUEL. BUT SLUGGISH KINETIC OF ORR IN FUEL CELL IS A PROBLEM. IN THIS PAPER THE ROLE OF SUPER PARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE (SPMIO) NANOPARTICLES WITH DIFFERENT LOADINGS, AT THE PRESENCE OF COMMERCIAL PT/C WAS EVALUATED VIA CONVENTIONAL THREE ELECTRODE SYSTEM AND ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTS SUCH AS CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY, ROTATING DISK ELECTRODE (RDE), CHRONOAMPROMETRY. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT ORR IS IMPROVED WITH THE SAME RATIO OF PT/C AND SPIO.

INTRODUCTION STEM CELL THERAPY HAS EMERGED AS A PROMISING SOLUTION FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISEASES AND TISSUE INJURIES. TO ACHIEVE THIS AIM WE NEED PRECISE AND RELIABLE DATA CONCERNING THE HOMING PROCESS, SURVIVAL, DIFFERENTIATION, AND ENGRAFTMENT OF THE STEM CELLS. IN THE WAY TO THE SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL APPLICATION OF STEM CELL THERAPIES, NON-INVASIVE NANOPARTICLE (NP) BASED IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI), HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO TRACK TRANSPLANTED CELLS...

Introduction: Ultrasmall SUPER PARAMAGNETIC Iron Oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles shorten the T1 and T2 relaxation times of containing tissues and can be used as a negative contrast agent in MRI studies to increase the sensitivity of detecting nodal metastases. For a specific USPIO with determined core size and surface coating, uptake is dependent on concentration and time. The aim of this study is to optimize injection dose and imaging time for lymph node detection in rats.Materials and Methods: nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles were injected intravenously in 7 Wistar rats at different doses (3-10mgr Fe/Kg). A 1.5T GE MRI system was used for imaging in vivo. Coronal T2*-weighted gradient-echo, T1-weighted gradient-echo, and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences were performed on every animal at different time intervals (3, 6 and 24 hours, and 1 week).Results: After accumulation of USPIO in lymphatic tissues, signal changes were measured and detection sensitivity of the system for this agent was assessed. Negative signal changes in T1 and T2 weighted gradient-echo pulse sequences were shown to be appropriate for differentiation of normal lymph nodes from adjacent tissues. Detection sensitivity of nearly %100 was obtained when an enough concentration was achieved into the nodes.Conclusion: There is a tradeoff between imaging time and administration dose. Although shorter interval is desirable, dose needs to be increased accordingly and toxic effects of this increment should be considered. However, after longer intervals, nanoparticles are more absorbed from the blood and their accumulation in the lymph nodes is more stable.

ION-EXCHANGE POLYMER MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) IS AS POWER SOURCE THAT FED BY HYDROGEN GAS AND PRODUCE WATER. ELECTROCHEMICAL OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION (ORR) IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REACTIONS IN THE FUEL CELL ENERGY CONVERSION. ORR IN ACIDIC CONDITION IS FOUR ELECTRON REACTION OF OXYGEN TO WATER. OXYGEN IS A POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENT AND IS ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXTRACTION OF ENERGY FROM THE FUEL. BUT SLUGGISH KINETIC OF ORR IN FUEL CELL IS A PROBLEM. IN THIS PAPER THE ROLE OF SUPER PARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH DIFFERENT LOADINGS, AT THE PRESENCE OF COMMERCIAL PT/C WAS EVALUATED VIA CONVENTIONAL THREE ELECTRODE SYSTEM AND ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTS SUCH AS CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY, ROTATING DISK ELECTRODE (RDE), CHRONOAMPROMETRY.